Bombinatoridae (see family information on Tree of Life site)

10 species in 2 genera

This family is composed of the two genera Barbourula and Bombina. Barbourula is found in the Philippines and Borneo while Bombina occurs in Europe, Soviet Republics, China, Vietnam, and Korea. Species of Bombina are active during the day and have aposematic coloration ventrally. Bombina arch their bodies backward in an "unken reflex" when threatened, exposing their bright ventral colors and thus advertising their toxic skin secretions. (This defensive reflex is also found in some salamanders.) Barboroula species are not as colorful and are very secretive and active at night. These are small aquatic toads that lay eggs and vocalize during inhalation (unique among extant anurans). Morphological characters for this group are: 1) halves of sphenethmoid fused, 2) 8 presacral vertebrae; 3) epipubic muscle absent; 4) pupil triangular or vertically elliptical; 5) expanded flange of quadratojugal; 6) presence of endochondral ossifications in the hyoid plate.

Bombina variegata variegata Photo by Boris I. Timofeev (Click for details)

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Genus Barbourula (2 species)

Barbourula busuangensis	AmphibiaWeb account	photos	no sound/video
Barbourula kalimantanensis	AmphibiaWeb account	photos	no sound/video

Genus Bombina (8 species)

Bombina bombina	AmphibiaWeb account	photos	no sound/video
Bombina fortinuptialis	no AmphibiaWeb account	no photos	no sound/video
Bombina lichuanensis	no AmphibiaWeb account	no photos	no sound/video
Bombina maxima	no AmphibiaWeb account	photos	no sound/video
Bombina microdeladigitora	AmphibiaWeb account	no photos	no sound/video
Bombina orientalis	AmphibiaWeb account	photos	no sound/video
Bombina pachypus	AmphibiaWeb account	photos	no sound/video
Bombina variegata	AmphibiaWeb account	photos	no sound/video

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