Plethodontidae (see family information on Tree of Life site)
435 species in 27 genera
Lungless Salamanders The largest family of extant salamanders with over 350 species. All members of this assemblage lack lungs and possess naso-labial grooves which aid in chemoreception. This group was thought to have arisen out of the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States. Members within this group have adapted to stream, arboreal, terrestrial, fossorial (underground) and cave habitats. Currently there are two subfamilies, the Hemidactylinae and Plethodontinae, of which the latter is the largest and has individuals capable of ballistically projecting their tongue (along with tongue skeleton) to capture prey (as in Hydromantes) as well as having webbed feet (tribe Bolitoglossini). Most species are direct developers. With the exception of six species in the Middle Western Mediterranean in Europe (members of the genus Hydromantes, which also occurs in California) this family is mainly found in the New World and extends from southern Canada down to Bolivia and Brazil. It includes the only group of tropical salamanders which account for about 2/3 of the species and 40% of all salamanders. Generalized in body form with four fingers and five toes (except when reduced to four toes in miniaturized species). Some morphological characters for this group are: 1) pterygoid absent; 2) nasolabial groove present; 3) lacrimals absent; 4) otic and occipital elements fused; 5) elongate, up to 60 vertebrae.
Plethodon shermani
Photo by Brad Moon
(Click for details)
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Subfamily Hemidactyliinae (339 species)
Genus Batrachoseps (22 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Genus Bolitoglossa (125 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Bolitoglossa adspersa no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa alberchi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa altamazonica no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa alvaradoi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa anthracina AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa aureogularis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa biseriata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa borburata no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa bramei AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa capitana no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa carri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa cataguana AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa celaque AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa centenorum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa cerroensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa chica no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa chinanteca no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa colonnea AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa compacta AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa conanti AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa copia no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa cuchumatana no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa cuna no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa daryorum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa decora no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa diaphora no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa digitigrada no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa diminuta AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa dofleini AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa dunni no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa engelhardti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa epimela AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa equatoriana no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa eremia no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa flavimembris no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa flaviventris no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa franklini no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa gomezi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa gracilis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa guaneae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa guaramacalensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa hartwegi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa heiroreias AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa helmrichi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa hermosa no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa hiemalis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa huehuetenanguensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa hypacra no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa indio AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa insularis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa jacksoni AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa jugivagans no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa kamuk no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa kaqchikelorum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa la no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa leandrae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa lignicolor AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa lincolni AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa longissima no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa lozanoi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa macrinii no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa magnifica AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa marmorea AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa medemi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa meliana no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa mexicana no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa minutula AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa mombachoensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa morio no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa mucuyensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa mulleri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa nicefori no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa nigrescens AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa ninadormida no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa nussbaumi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa nympha no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa oaxacensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa obscura AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa occidentalis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa odonnelli no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa omniumsanctorum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa oresbia AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa orestes AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa pacaya no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa palmata no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa pandi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa paraensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa peruviana no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa pesrubra AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa phalarosoma no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa platydactyla no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa porrasorum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa psephena no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa pygmaea AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa ramosi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa riletti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa robinsoni AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa robusta AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa rostrata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa rufescens AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa salvinii no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa savagei no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa schizodactyla AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Bolitoglossa silverstonei no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa sima no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa sombra AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa sooyorum AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa splendida no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa striatula AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa stuarti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa subpalmata AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa suchitanensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa synoria no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa tamaense no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa tatamae AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa taylori no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa tica AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa tzultacaj no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa vallecula no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa veracrucis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa walkeri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa xibalba no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa yucatana AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa zacapensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bolitoglossa zapoteca no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Bradytriton (1 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Bradytriton silus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Chiropterotriton (12 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Chiropterotriton arboreus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton chiropterus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton chondrostega no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton cracens no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton dimidiatus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton lavae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton magnipes no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton mosaueri AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton multidentatus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton orculus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton priscus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Chiropterotriton terrestris no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Cryptotriton (6 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Cryptotriton alvarezdeltoroi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cryptotriton monzoni AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cryptotriton nasalis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cryptotriton sierraminensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cryptotriton veraepacis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cryptotriton wakei no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Dendrotriton (8 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Dendrotriton bromeliacius no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrotriton chujorum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrotriton cuchumatanus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrotriton kekchiorum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrotriton megarhinus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrotriton rabbi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrotriton sanctibarbarus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrotriton xolocalcae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Eurycea (26 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Genus Gyrinophilus (4 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Gyrinophilus gulolineatus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Gyrinophilus palleucus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Gyrinophilus porphyriticus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Gyrinophilus subterraneus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Haideotriton (1 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Haideotriton wallacei AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Hemidactylium (1 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Hemidactylium scutatum AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Ixalotriton (2 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Ixalotriton niger AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ixalotriton parvus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Nototriton (16 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Genus Nyctanolis (1 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Nyctanolis pernix AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Oedipina (36 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Oedipina alfaroi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina alleni AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina altura AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina carablanca AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina chortiorum AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina collaris no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina complex no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina cyclocauda no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina elongata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina fortunensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina gephyra AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina gracilis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina grandis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina ignea no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina kasios AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina koehleri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina leptopoda AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina maritima AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina motaguae AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina nica AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina nimaso no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina pacificensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina parvipes no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina paucidentata no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina petiola no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina poelzi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina pseudouniformis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina quadra AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina salvadorensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina savagei AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina stenopodia no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina stuarti no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina taylori no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oedipina tomasi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina tzutujilorum AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oedipina uniformis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Parvimolge (1 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Parvimolge townsendi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Pseudoeurycea (49 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Pseudoeurycea ahuitzotl no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea altamontana no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea amuzga AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea anitae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea aquatica AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea aurantia no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea bellii AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea boneti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea brunnata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea cafetalera no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea cephalica no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea cochranae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea conanti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea exspectata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea firscheini no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea gadovii no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea galeanae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea gigantea no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea goebeli no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea juarezi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea leprosa no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea lineola AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea longicauda no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea lynchi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea maxima no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea melanomolga no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea mixcoatl no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea mixteca no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea mystax no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea obesa no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea orchileucos no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea orchimelas no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea papenfussi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea praecellens no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea quetzalanensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea rex no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea robertsi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea ruficauda AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea saltator AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea scandens no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea smithi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea tenchalli no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea teotepec no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea tlahcuiloh no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea tlilicxitl no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea unguidentis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pseudoeurycea werleri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Pseudotriton (2 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Pseudotriton montanus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pseudotriton ruber AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Stereochilus (1 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Stereochilus marginatus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Thorius (24 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Thorius adelos no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius arboreus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius aureus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius boreas no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius dubitus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius grandis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius infernalis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius insperatus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius lunaris AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius macdougalli no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius magnipes AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius minutissimus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius minydemus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius munificus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius narismagnus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius narisovalis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius omiltemi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius papaloae AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius pennatulus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius pulmonaris no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius schmidti AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius smithi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Thorius spilogaster AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Thorius troglodytes AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Urspelerpes (1 species) [subfamily Hemidactyliinae]
Urspelerpes brucei AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Subfamily Plethodontinae (96 species)Genus Aneides (6 species) [subfamily Plethodontinae]
Aneides aeneus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Aneides ferreus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Aneides flavipunctatus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Aneides hardii AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Aneides lugubris AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Aneides vagrans AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video
Genus Desmognathus (21 species) [subfamily Plethodontinae]
Genus Ensatina (1 species) [subfamily Plethodontinae]
Ensatina eschscholtzii AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Hydromantes (11 species) [subfamily Plethodontinae]
Hydromantes ambrosii AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hydromantes brunus AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Hydromantes flavus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hydromantes genei AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hydromantes imperialis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hydromantes italicus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hydromantes platycephalus AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Hydromantes sarrabusensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hydromantes shastae AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hydromantes strinatii AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hydromantes supramontis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Karsenia (1 species) [subfamily Plethodontinae]
Karsenia koreana AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Phaeognathus (1 species) [subfamily Plethodontinae]
Phaeognathus hubrichti AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Plethodon (55 species) [subfamily Plethodontinae]
Citation: AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2013. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: 2013).AmphibiaWeb's policy on data use.