Description

Pseudophilautus hoffmanni is a moderate-sized frog with snout vent length of 21.2 – 23.4 mm in males. The body is stout and head appears flat in the dorsal view. The snout-angle is a category 6 or 7 (angle of snout 103º – 107º). Laterally, the snout is rounded. The canthal edges are rounded. The loreal region, interorbital space, internasal space are flat. The tympanum is distinct, but the supratympanic fold is indistinct. The following features are absent on P. hoffmani: pineal ocellus, vomerine ridge, cephalic ridges, lingual papilla and co-ossified skin on skull. The fingers have lateral dermal fringe. The toes are webbed. The tarsal folds and calcar are not present. The snout, interorbital space, side of head, dorsum and upper flank are smooth, while the lower flank is glandular. The dorsal part of the forelimb, thigh, shank and pes are all smooth. The throat, chest and belly are granular, while the underside of the thigh is smooth. Males have inner vocal slits and do not have nuptial pads (Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi 2005).

In life, the dorsal side of the species is ash and brown colored. The loreal region is brown. Both the upper and lower lips are ash. In the dorsal view, the limbs appear ashy brown. Dorsally, the digits are bright yellow and ash. The flank is ash colored. The inguinal zone, posterior and anterior thigh are ash with golden-yellow dots scattered. The digits, limbs and body are all golden yellow in the ventral view (Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi 2005).

In preservative, the dorsal parts of head and body are greyish-brown with brown dots. The upper flank is brown and lower flank is yellow. The inguinal zone is brown. The loreal region is greyish-brown, while the tympanic region and tympanum are just brown. On the dorsal side, the limbs are greyish-brown. The venter is yellow (Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi 2005).

Distribution and Habitat

Country distribution from AmphibiaWeb's database: Sri Lanka

View distribution map in BerkeleyMapper.

Pseudophilautus hoffmanni is found in Knuckles Range at elevations between 800 – 1100 m (Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005; Batuwita et al., 2019).

Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

Pseudophilautus hoffmanni inhabits shrubs in gaps within closed-canopy cloud forests, and cardamom plantations within these. Males of both species vocalize while perched on leaves ~0.3 – 1 m above ground. The diurnal resting habitat of these frogs is under a leaf, or on a leaf axil, often in well illuminated habitats (Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi 2005).

All frogs of this genus Pseudophilautus are terrestrial direct developers (Bahir et al. 2005).

Possible reasons for amphibian decline

General habitat alteration and loss
Habitat modification from deforestation, or logging related activities
Intensified agriculture or grazing
Habitat fragmentation

Comments

The species epithet of Pseudophilautus hoffmanni is named after the Honorary President of the World Wildlife Fund in France and the Director Emeritus of Wetlands International, Luc Hoffmann. Hoffman is also a benefactor to the MAVA Foundation, which supports the Global Amphibian Assessment (Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi 2005).

Pseudophilautus hoffmanni and P. asankai are both sister species. A 12S and 16S sequence divergence of 1.01% and a cytochrome-b divergence of 6.04% differentiates these two species (Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi 2005).

References

Bahir, M. M., Meegaskumbura, M., Manamendra-Arachchi, K., Schneider, C. J., and Pethiyagoda, R. (2005). ''Reproduction and terrestrial direct development in Sri Lankan shrub frogs (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae: Philautus).'' The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 12, 339-350. [link]

Batuwita S, Udugampala S, DeSilva M, Diao J and Edirisinghe U. (2019). "A review of amphibian fauna of Sri Lanka: distribution, recent taxonomic changes and conservation." Journal of Animal Diversity, 1(2), 44-82. [link]

Meegaskumbura M. & Manamendra-Arachchi K. (2005). ''Description of eight new species of shrub frogs (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae: Philautus) from Sri Lanka.'' Raffles Bulletin Zoology Supplemental, 12, 305-338. [link]

Species Account Citation: AmphibiaWeb 2021 Pseudophilautus hoffmanni <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/6514> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Mar 27, 2023.

Citation: AmphibiaWeb. 2023. <https://amphibiaweb.org> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed 27 Mar 2023.

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